Germany Is Better Than Its Neighbors - 1665 Words

1. Uekà ¶tter says, â€Å"What all this comes down to is that having environmental potential and using it are two different things. Conditions in a certain country can offer a certain solution, but it is by no means certain that the country will take that path† (19). He goes on in the same paragraph to also say, â€Å"Rather than pondering the question of whether Germany is better than its neighbors, it brings us to as whether, when, and to what extent Germany realized its possibilities† (19). In my opinion, I believe that the second quote directly reflects upon the first quote. He is not trying to compare Germany to every other country, and talk about how much better and efficient it is, he is simply trying to talk about Germany’s environmental†¦show more content†¦Tying this quote back to the others from Uekà ¶tter, I believe that he is describing this to be Germany first finding out about its potential, but at the same time, Germany was hesitant to do anything about the growing problems. Officials were unsure and wanted to keep control. â€Å"It is quite telling that American city governments eventually found a more efficient strategy in the fight against the urban coal smoke nuisance than did German administrators† (19-20). This goes back to potential. Germany had the potential, and they did not take it, whereas the United States did. The post 1914 era was filled with war. The world wars had major effects on the environmental movement for Germany, leaving it at a â€Å"standstill† as Uekà ¶tter describes. After the first war, though, in 1935, Germany passed a conservation law. He goes on to describe many more new types of environmental advancements, but adds, â€Å"And yet these were isolated achievements, devoid of synergies and a common identity† (20). Once again, the potential was there, and Germany was finding it, but the people were not really using it. As for a more modern day Germany, environmenta l protection became a â€Å"household term† (20). Uekà ¶tter really describes the 1980’s as a big time for Germany, making it appear that Germany really reached its full potential in that time. When he talks about Germany at a high potential, it is in more modern times, and Germany has not only realized its

Customer Service Provided Free Essays

Customer service provided by Co-operative travel and Thomas Cook * Individuals * Groups * People of different cultures * Non-English speakers * People with specific needs * Business men and women. * Internal Thomas Cook: Individuals Thomas Cook needs to provide excellent customer service to a wide range of customers with different expectations and needs, by providing the right holiday for all customers. They also arrange singles holidays where individuals can enjoy the company of many other individuals on their holiday. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service Provided or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the customers that book individual holidays are business men and women who may require accommodation with services such as telephone/modem link, wake up calls and newspapers. Groups Thomas Cook provides discounts for group holidays if a group has 9 or more travelling. This discount is normally provided by the tour operators therefore the holiday must be booked directly with the organisers of that particular holiday. Any holidays booked for a group that consists of families will have to take into consideration the different ages and gender of the people travelling because they will require a range of activities to suite everyone. Thomas Cook have to make sure they are meeting the individual needs as well as the needs of the group. Group discounts will also be given to educational bookings e. g. euro Disney provide educational weekends which can be booked through travel agents. People of different cultures Thomas Cook have to make sure they accommodate for people of all cultures e. g. some religions don’t eat beef, so for their in-flight meals they will have to make sure the food contains no beef at all. Also they have to make sure that they do not use any offensive or inappropriate language, attitude and moral behaviour. It is also the responsibility of Thomas cook to tell customers about the culture of the country that the customer is travelling to e. g. when my auntie went to Egypt she was told to cover her body, as in some parts of Egypt she may be harassed. How to cite Customer Service Provided, Essay examples

Develop a Plan for Famous Financial Corporation Signature Assignment

Question: As head of the Information Protection Department of Famous Corporation, you have just received a call from the Senior Vice President of Human Resources informing you that in the past four days, there have been four occurrences of money transfers to unauthorized recipients. During the conversation, you were given the name of the department where the fund transfers had occurred. Furthermore, you were given specific instruction not to engage anyone from that specific department; however, you were given permission to engage law enforcement agencies if applicable. Write a paper in the form of a report that includes: An appraisal of the situation using the knowledge gained from this course and perform a digital forensic investigation on the matter. Illustrate your strategy for conducting this investigation. Forensic investigation steps for collecting data and the proper steps for resulting in a successful fraud to trial outcome. Formulation of a plan that can be used to improve weak security measures and to prevent the incident from occurring in the future. Be as specific as possible in your evaluations and explanations? Answer: Introduction Digital technology is growing rapidly, and thus has become an integral part of our everyday life. With the rise of Digital Forensic technology there has been a steady rise in digital crimes such as unauthorized fund transferring, identity fraud, financial fraud, and intellectual thievery. Thus to fight against these digital crimes, Digital Forensics plays a significant role. Digital Forensics involves acquiring and investigating digital information for use as evidence in various courts (Pipkin, 2000). It generally investigates data which is unethically copied from digital hard drives or any other digital storage devices in accordance to standard policies and procedures to determine if those devices have been used by unauthorized contact or not. Digital Forensics Investigators investigate the fraud and conduct the forensic analysis in a team by using various tools and Methods to guarantee that the digital network system is protected in an organization. The laws of the country mandate that business organizations maintain a strict record of all their monetary transactions. The reasons for this include; curbing tax evasion measures to ensuring that a company does not present a false success story in the hopes of some quick profit (McDermott, 2001). The role that a forensic accountant plays is crucial here, and it is upon their shoulders that the responsibility of ensuring that a business or individual is being honest in their annual tax filings (Kelly, 2005). An experienced Digital Forensic Investigator is usually adept with various laws and regulations related to digital crimes in their country along with this the investigator also need to be Familiar with the various computer operating systems. There are two categories of Digital Forensics Investigations the public investigator and the private investigator. Public investigations are usually employed by government agencies, and private investigations are contracted by private digital forensic personnels (Anderson , 2003). In this report, as a head of Information protection department, I have been informed that in the previous 4 days, there have been four incidences of fund transfers to unauthorized beneficiaries. I have been given the details of the department where the money transfers had happened and also specific instruction were given not to involve anyone from that particular department. I was also given consent to employ law enforcement agencies if requried. Generally, information protection department plays a very crucial in organisation. Information is an asset for every firm and hence, protecting it is the primary duty of every employee. Every employee intends to safeguard the confidential information of the firm and prevents it from leaking (Venter, 2003). Data and information management isnt the responsibility of the IT department but everyone plays a crucial role and it impacts everyone in organisation. By definition, data and information protection refers to the development, exe cution and supervision of practices and plans to protect and deliver. Also, data and information protection enhance the value of information. In this report, we will look at the appraisal of the situation, demonstrate the strategy to conduct the investigation, relevant steps taken in forensic investigation and developing a plan to enhance weak security measures. An appraisal of the situation using the knowledge gained from this course. Also, perform a digital forensic investigation on the matter. To investigate the mentioned case, the digital forensic investigation should be carried out in the manner cited below: Objective of the investigation: To determine if the cause and recipient of the unauthorized fun transfers Operating system: MicrosoftWindows 7. Case Investigator: X Processing Assessment 1. Documentation provided by the Senior Vice President of Human Resources investigator was reviewed.a. It was officially authorized to establish an investigating warrant obtained specifically for the digital examination to be carried out at the premises of the organizationb. The sequence of interaction both authorized and unauthorized was suitably acknowledged on the appropriate departmental regulations.c. The demand for transfer and a comprehensive outline clarifies the investigation, gives key links, and gave sufficient data about the suspect, the unauthorized transfer, and the forged documents.The following procedure was adopted to collect evidence.a. A separate file was produced with the case investigation procedure was stored into the laboratory record.The digital evidence collected was saved in the Lab, it was also photographed and cross examined.Imaging1. The Laptop was inspected and copied.a. The hardware was examined and documented.b. A controlled boot disk was placed in the laptops floppy drive.c. The Laptop was powered off with no modified to the Accounting system2. To generate an evidence file, EnCase security software was used, an evidence file was created including the copy of the hard disk of the laptop.a. It was also observed that the laptop was associated to the main security computer through a modem line which was also attached to the systems adjacent ports.b. Thus when imaging procedure was completed, the laptops were powered off. Analysis 1. A new Laptop was arranged with Windows 7; EnCase security software was used along with other digitals forensic investigation software programs.2. The files obtained as evidence through the EnCase security software from the laptop were safely stored in the organizations lab.a. Another EnCase security software file was created and the evidence obtained were cross examined by using EnCase security software. Along with this many of the files which .were deleted by the suspect were recovered using EnCase security softwareb. File Data containing essential information about the name, physical and digital size, time and date and progress report were also recovered (Galliers Leidner, 2014).c. A comprehensive through search was carried out including text search on all the recovered files.d. Graphics files were scanned and reviewed.e. HTML files were scanned and reviewed.f. Data files were scanned and reviewedg. The search brought across two encrypted and password-protected files.h. Files o f investigative significance or evidentiary importance were derived and restored from the EnCase evidence file and copied to a separate removable hard drive.3. Unauthorized files were derived and restored from the EnCase proof file to a clean removable hard disk, along with this all the password protected files were derived and restored and copied to the organizations hard disk. Findings The investigation of the laptops investigated resulted in the recovery of 372 files of analytical importance and evidential significance The recovered files included: Several files and documents which contained the name and personal details of the suspect, the document text also included corporate unauthorized checks and forged documents. The collected evidential data also included graphics files, illustrating accounting information, corporate unauthorized checks, currency information (Vacca, 2012). Upon investigation the HTML files recovered brought across several Hotmail and Gmail email addresses, which stated the interaction between the suspect and an unidentified individual. Whereas the Graphic files Recovered, when investigated brought to notice the scanned images of account details as well NEFT transfers, including currency details. Out of the two encrypted files- one was found to be a word document whereas the other one was an untitled notepad document. The word document contained a list of personal and confidential details about several individuals the names, birth date, bank information account information, place of residence were all clearly mentioned. The untitled notepad document included the transfer information. Documentation Forensic Report the forensic report clearly reported all the process and evidence found along with the respective actions that were take in great detail. It has been duly signed by the head of the digital forensic department and produced in a case. Progress Report- A hard disk which included all the data of evidential significance or investigative interest was submitted. Several Copies of this disk were made so as to provide it to different authorities to be examined. Conclusion According to the information discovered by the digital forensic investigators, many new theories of evidence were found. Illustrate your strategy for conducting this investigation. The Digital Forensic investigation along with an appraisal should be done by following proper methodology and a fixed strategy. To obtain optimal results through investigation, it is essential that the investigation is not carried out in a haphazard manner (Spagnoletti, 2008). The given case was investigated using Digital Forensic investigation methodology, the strategy followed is mentioned below. The digital forensic investigation strategy is a process which is an accepted and authorized systematic and forensic process which is used in the digital forensics investigations. The investigative process is mainly used in computer and mobile forensic investigations, they basically consist of three components namely finding, investigation and reporting. The strategy used to investigate, depends and varies according to the types of cases and frauds (Williams et al 2013). One of the most commonly used strategies is the eight step methodology developed by Rob lee. This strategy is designed i n a way to help the agent to remain on the right working direction and guarantees appropriate production of digital data legal procedures and the required penalizing trials, etc. Furthermore, it is also good starting point in while staring an investigation a new case. The principle of these eight steps is to take action methodically to digital forensic investigations and to find out the real fraud. It is also is imperative to understand that a digital forensic investigation works in sync with the digital fraud management (Kiountouzis, 2010). The eight steps of the Digital Forensic Investigation are mentioned below: Verification: The first step used at the beginning of an investigation is verification. It basically involves verification of an incident which has been reported has happened in reality. It is also includes determining the extent and range of the event and evaluate the case. Questions like What, How, Where and when should be asked about the situation. Along with the nature and the specifications of the case should be verified. This is the beginning step and is essentially significant because it will assist in influencing the description of the event and thus stating the top method to discover and gather information (Harris, 2008). System Description: The next step is the System Description which involves collecting data about the particular event (Mayer Aubert, 2014, September). It is essential to start by making notes and recounting the system which is going to be analyzed, where, what and how the system has a role in the institute along with the network. It also includes creating an outline of the operating system and its broad-spectrum constitution such as disk format, RAM etc. Acquiring Evidence: This step involves identifying the potential source of data, obtain unstable and stable data, verifying the reliability of the data and guarantee sequence of supervision. Throughout this step it is also essential that to give priority to the evidence collected and appoint the concerned party to establish the implementation and effect of selected methodologies, because unstable data changes from time to time, thus the sequence in which the information was collected should be maintained. The digital Media which is withheld for investigation is usually called an exhibit in official language. It is important to note that as a part of the analysis and investigation, the next step should carry on in sync to ensure that the investigation can be carried out smoothly (Taylor, 2012). Timeline Analysis: The next step following the evidence acquirement is analyzing and investigating the evidence in the forensics lab. It should begin by doing a timeline analysis. This is a vital stage and extremely functional since it comprises of data like when the files were customized, accessed, transformed or formed. The data which is collected by using a wide range of methods should be arranged in order to be analyzed. During the analysis it is important to be careful and patient and it thus assist to have systematic file and functioning system. Media Analysis: In this step basically involves analyzing all the media related information that has been gathered. Investigators must be proficient to respond to queries regarding the programs which were effected, what information and data were downloaded, which were selected, registries were checked, which deleted etc. A specified technique should be implemented to decrease the information sets are to recognize files recognized to be superior and the files which are to be not so good. The timeline which has been incorporated several times compresses into a single file. Thus it is essential to have information of file systems, and directory artefacts to take benefit of this system that will diminish the quantity of information to be analyzed (Lim, 2009). Byte search: This step usually consists of adopting methods that will search the Byte untreated imagery. It is basically used to find something specific. The tools and techniques which search for byte signs are known as magic cookies it also allows to the investigators to find the relevant information in accordance to the specific case. Data Recovery: Data Recovery is one of the most important and most widely used steps in any investigation. Investigators are known to utilize several the scientific tools and software to recover digital data to hold or invalidate. There are many private software applications available in the market which helps in recovering data from the system. The recovered data is always essential information to find hidden links and clues. Analyzing the empty space as well as the unallocated disk memory is an important step in investigation. An in-depth system recovery and system investigation is an important part of investigation to gain essential information. Reporting Results: The Last step of any investigation consists of reporting the entire analysis of the investigation. It includes recounting the procedures taken, determining what further actions which need to be performed. It also includes suggesting improvements to security policies, strategy, actions, methods, and other characteristics of the digital forensic procedure. Thus reporting the observation is a major and vital part of any enquiry. It should be written in a way that reproduce the usage of systematic methodology and evidence which can be proved. Adapting the reporting style usually depends on the audience; the investigators should be equipped for the report to be used as proof in legal for lawfully or governmental reasons. Digital Forensic Investigation steps for gathering data and the appropriate steps for resulting in a successful fraud to trial outcome. Every forensic investigation case is different and must be dealt with complete precision. Forensic investigators cant apply same steps to every case since every issue is different and it might require different methods to solve it (Schlienger, 2003). However, there are some general steps which can be customised as per every case. 1. Scheduling a meeting with client: First step for collecting data is scheduling a meeting with client. At this step, investigators personally interact with client to know the case in-hand completely. Many times, there are some minute details which dont get reveal over the phone or in documents. At this stage, all such details are revealed and hence, it is crucial to collect data.2. Carrying out initial investigation: Once the investigator has met with the clients, he heads towards initial investigation. This investigation is carried with an aim to look for prospective evidences. It is crucial to carry out a preliminary analysis to get the outline of the issue and requirement of client. Besides outlining the issue, this stage will help in subsequent planning to be based on upon entire understanding of the issue. 3. Working on an action plan: An action plan is often developed to determine what further steps will be taken to investigate the case and result in a successful fraud to trial outcome. At this stage, investigators take into account the knowledge gained by interacting with client and at preliminary investigation. This stage sets out objectives to be accomplished during the forensic accounting investigation. It also sets out the methodology to be used to accomplish them (Schafer, 2008).4. Finding out evidences: Evidences are crucial to successfully solve the case. Hence, investigators locate relevant documents, information, assets or any proof of the occurrence of an event depending upon the nature of the case.5. Implementing the action plan: After the action plan has been developed and evidences have been found, the next step is to implement the action plan effectively. In this, the actual analysis depends upon the nature of the issue. Often, the actual analysis involves calculating d amages, making a summary of large number of transactions, performing traces of assets, carrying out sensitivity and regression analysis and using charts and graphs to explain the analysis6. Writing the results/findings on a document: The last step is to document the results and findings in a report which usually also include the scope of the investigation, approach methodology adopted during investigation and limitations of scope (Vitruvius, 2005). This is a series of steps involved in the collection of data which ultimately helps a forensic investigator to solve the case (Yang et al 2013). Although these are general steps followed in most of the forensic investigation cases, there can be chances that the steps taken in any case may be entirely different. It always depends upon the severity of the issue/case. A competent forensic investigator has to use his experience and skills to solve the case and get into the bottom of the case to determine what exactly is going on. As a forensic investigator, the primary goal remains that all the systems remains in his control at the site (CBS, 2010). Formulation of a plan that can be used to improve weak security measures and to prevent the incident from occurring in the future. Be as specific as possible in your evaluations and explanations. In order to ensure that incidents such as the one described in the case above dont repeat, some effective steps have to be taken. These steps should enhance the weak security and prevent the incident from occurring in the future (Whitman Mattord, 2013). The plan must aim at developing robust procedures, policies, systems in place to protect the sensitive information of the organisation (Parawesh, 2004). The plan for data security and preventing such incidents in future can be: Developing an information system strategy: Now days, IT has evolved and it continues to evolve in every direction. Hence, it is crucial for organisation to develop an information system strategy. Data protection shouldnt be concern only for legal or IT department but it should matter to every employee (Alhawari et al 2012). Data protection is strategic concern and hence, it should be addressed at highest levels of the company (Whitman Mattord, 2011). This can only be achieved by formulating a comprehensive strategy. The strategy should include the goals to be achieved, practices to be adopted and people to be contacted in case any such fraud is sensed by any employee. Enforcing overall information security strategy: During the implementation of information security strategy, the duty of senior management is primary (Tohidi, 2011). Their role is to create a reporting structure for information security so that people can be held responsible for it. It is a continuous process so all the errors, failures and follow ups have to be reported regularly (Mayer et al 2013). Information security must be included in the vision and mission of the organisation so that every employee can understand its employee (Salvendy, 2012). Providing training to employees: Employees are required to be trained so that they can handle sensitive data carefully. The training can include learning sessions on retaining crucial information for long, disposing off sensitive information and devices. This can also include interacting sessions with top management so that they can continue communicating with the mid and low level employees about handling sensitive data (Kelly, 2005). Putting data security models in practice: In order to implement the information security data plans, it is crucial to develop models (Peltier, 2013). This can include developing external and internal firewalls to ensure no information in leaked. In many companies, employees cant access social networking sites or any other websites for their personal use (Tang Musa, 2011). This is a security measure being taken by the firms. These are some of the steps that can be adopted to enhance information security and ensure that such incidents dont occur in future. References 1. Alhawari, S., Karadsheh, L., Talet, A. N., Mansour, E. (2012). Knowledge-based risk management framework for information technology project.International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 50-65.2. Anderson, J. M. (2003). "Why we need a new definition of information security". Computers Security, 22(4), 308313.3. CBS, (2010). "Forensics Timeline". Cbsnews.com. Accessed on 4 March, 2015.4. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge.5. Harris, S. (2008). All-in-one CISSP Certification Exam Guide (4th ed.)., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.6. Kelly, J. (2005) Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive ... New York: Basic Books. p. 79.7. Kiountouzis, E. (2010). Information systems security: facing the information society of the 21st century., London: Chapman Hall.8. Lim, (2009). "Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Information Security Culture." Australian Information Security Management Conference.9. Mayer, N., Aubert, J. (2014, September). Sector-Specific Tool for Information Security Risk Management in the Context of Telecommunications Regulation (Tool demo). In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(p. 85). ACM.10. Mayer, N., Aubert, J., Cholez, H., Grandry, E. (2013). Sector-Based Improvement of the Information Security Risk Management Process in the Context of Telecommunications Regulation. In Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement(pp. 13-24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.11. McDermott, E. (2001). Information security is information risk management. In Proceedings of the 2001.12. Parawesh, S. (2004). Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Dharma stra, Volume 1. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. p. 499.13. Peltier, T. R. (2013). Information security fundamentals. CRC Press.14. Pipkin, D. (2000). Information security: Protecting the global en terprise., New York: Hewlett-Packard Company.15. Salvendy, G. (2012). Handbook of human factors and ergonomics. John Wiley Sons.16. Schafer, D. (2008). "Ancient science and forensics". In Ayn Embar-seddon, Allan D. Pass (eds.). Forensic Science. Salem Press. p. 40.17. Schlienger, T. (2003). "Information security culture-from analysis to change." South African Computer Journal 31 (2003): 46-52.18. Spagnoletti, P. (2008). "The duality of Information Security Management: fighting against predictable and unpredictable threats". Journal of Information System Security 4 (3): 4662.19. Tang, O., Musa, S. N. (2011). Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International Journal of Production Economics, 133(1), 25-34.20. Taylor, P. (2012). "The Disaster Recovery Plan". Sans Institute.21. Tohidi, H. (2011). The Role of Risk Management in IT systems of organizations. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 881-887.22. Vacca, J. R. (2012). Computer and informati on security handbook. Newnes.23. Venter, H. (2003). "A taxonomy for information security technologies". Computers Security, 22(4), 299307.24. Vitruvius, J. (2005). "De Architectura, Book IX, paragraphs 912, text in English and Latin". University of Chicago.25. Whitman, M., Mattord, H. (2011). Principles of information security. Cengage Learning.26. Whitman, M., Mattord, H. (2013). Management of information security. Cengage Learning.27. Williams, S. P., Hardy, C. A., Holgate, J. A. (2013). Information security governance practices in critical infrastructure organizations: A socio-technical and institutional logic perspective. Electronic Markets, 23(4), 341-354.28. Yang, Y. P. O., Shieh, H. M., Tzeng, G. H. (2013). A VIKOR technique based on DEMATEL and ANP for information security risk control assessment.Information Sciences, 232, 482-500.

Sudeep Annem Essays - Literature, Characters In Hamlet, Arts

Sudeep Annem Mrs. Burch AP English Literature 29 November 2017 "To Be or not to Be" Explication The soliloquy that I have decided to examine is the most famous in Hamlet, and perhaps the most famous soliloquy that Shakespeare ever wrote. The "too be, or not to be" soliloquy differs from his first two soliloquies . Hamlet exhibits more reason than the emphatic passionate displays the readers are used to witnessing. Hamlet is now unable to take action and is simply waiting to "catch the conscience of the king." While he bides his time, he invokes a philosophical argument about the pros and cons of existence, and if individuals have the right to end their own lives. Renowned researchers like the Shakespearian scholar Harold Jenkins believe that the significant purpose of this soliloquy is specifically to address this debate. Jenkins states that " Hamlet's first two major soliloquies, his third and most famous speech seems to be governed by reason and not frenzied emotion. Unable to do little but wait for completion of his plan to "catch the conscience of the king ", Hamlet sparks an internal philosophical debate on the advantages and disadvantages of existence, and whether it is one's right to end his or her own life . Personally, I gleaned from this passage that Hamlet seems to be considering prospects of death, and Shakespeare furthers the archetypes of death, revenge and purpose that he has created throughout the course of the drama. It also displays Hamlet as a confused man. Hamlet is not very self-confident and this is shown through the inner turmoil he faces and how he displays insanity in order to cope with his struggles. The speech occurs because it symbolizes a shift in the story. Hamlet's careful planning for revenge is about to come to a climax, and this soliloquy serves to show how Hamlet remains uncertain within his mind while also insinuating the decisiveness that he has in committing the act regardless of how it affects him mentally. Hamlet goes on to discuss what may happen once one leaves this earth. He demonstrates his fear of "what dreams may com" (3, 1, 74) and his "dread of something after death" (3, 1, 86). In the soliloquy, Hamlet states "Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing them" (3, 1, 70-74). Here he demonstrates his struggles with death vs. life and whether death was a suitable option to avoid suffering. This suffering has plagued Hamlet since his dear father has died, and it has been eluded too that the madness he displays is either what has truly afflicted him or a mask of emotions for his guilt. Hamlet shows that he believe life is synonymous with suffering. He compares the "whips and scorn of times, Th'oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of disprized love" (3, 1, 70-72) to all of the horrors and pain he has witnessed through his tragic life. Shakespeare reinforces the idea of how mentally exhausting Hamlet's ordeal has been. Death would be a respite from all of the conflict and confusing decisions he has had to make. Thus, by having Hamlet discuss the morality of these options the readers clearly see the desperation that Hamlet feels and this allows the readers to form connections with the power of these statements and Hamlet's predicament . If Hamlet chose to end his life, he would be freed from his obligations to avenge his father, freed from the guilt of plotting against his uncle, and free to avoid witnessing the immoral acts of Claudius and his mother Gertrude. However, the depiction of Hamlet as a tragic hero archetype becomes enriched as a result of this soliloquy as well because although he has such a tantalizing opportunity for relief and lack of responsibility, Hamlet demonstrates perseverance and determination by refusing to succumb to the depravity of his mind. The imagery of angels and freedom refer to the relaxation and peace that Hamlet could find if he so chose and the tone shift from the animated insanity th at Hamlet usually displays to his calm and analytical

Son novedad en el frente essays

Son novedad en el frente essays El autor de Sin novedad en el frente, Erich Maria Remarque naci el 22 de junio de 1898 en Osnabruck, Baja Sajonia, Alemania. A la edad de 18 a como voluntario en el ejrcito Alemn. Fue enviado al frente oeste, donde sirvi hasta el final de la guerra en 1918. Al terminar la guerra Remarque se dedica a la publicidad, a la crà ­tica teatral y a escribir artà ­culos para algunos peridicos, hasta terminar como cronista en la revista Sport im Bild donde empieza a adquirir un estilo literario claro, gil y conciso.1 En 1929 apareci su libro ms conocido Sin novedad en el frente, del que se vendieron 3.5 millones de ejemplares en 18 meses, y fue inmediatamente sometido a las ms fuertes crà ­ticas. En este libro Remarque hace uso de sus propias vivencias en la guerra. Para unos era una sobria y honesta descripcin de la locura de la guerra, y para otros era una novela conscientemente anti-blica, una ofensa a los soldados de la là ­nea del frente. En 1933 los libros de Remarque fueron los primeros en ser quemados y prohibidos por los Nazis, y el autor fue privado de su nacionalidad alemana. Sin embargo el autor estaba viviendo en Suiza desde 1931, luego emigr a Estados Unidos donde adquiri la nacionalidad y vivi hasta su regreso Suiza en 1948, donde muere en 1970 a la edad de 72 a En su novela Sin novedad en el frente Remarque retrata la cruda realidad del la primera guerra mundial, ubicndonos en las là ­neas alemanas al noroccidente de Francia. El relato de Remarque nos muestra el à ºltimo año de guerra, desde el verano de 1917 hasta el otoño de 1918, el debilitamiento de las fuerzas alemanas, el sentimiento del soldado raso frente a la guerra, el sentimiento hacia la guerra en las ciudades y como la guerra cambia completame...

Whats the Average High School GPA

What's the Average High School GPA SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Nearly all high school students have, at some point, wondered whether their GPAs are good or not. One way of knowing is to look at the national averages. What is the average high school GPA?Is your GPA above average?How do you compare with all the other high school students in the country? In this article, I'll give you an overview of the national averages for high school GPA so that you can see where you stand. I’ll also tell you what these averages mean for you and how to understand them better in the context of the college application process. What’s the Average High School GPA Nationally? According to a 2017 study written about onInside Higher Ed, the average high school GPA in 2016 was 3.38. This study also found thatthe average high school GPA has risen steadily over the years. This increase in the average GPA has a lot to do with grade inflation (which we talk about in more detail below). In addition to this study, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) offerssome data on average high school GPAs in the US, althoughthis data is from2009, so it'sa bit out of date. (Unfortunately, NCES has not conducted a similar study since 2009.) The NCES study provides a fairly thorough look at average high school GPAs, so we're going to use this study for our analysis below. Because the average GPA has risen since 2009 (when the study was conducted), it's safe to assume that the 2018 GPAs will actually be a bit higher, though the trends will remain the same. Now let's take a closer look at the GPA data, starting with the overall averages. High School GPA Averages Here are the high school GPA averages, according to NCES: Overall GPA average: 3.0 Average in core academic courses (math, science, English, and social studies): 2.79 Average in other academic courses (foreign language and other academic courses not in the core curriculum): 3.14 Average in other courses (physical education, cooking, health): 3.39 As you can see, the national overall average GPA is 3.0. Butthis might be deceptive: the average GPA in core subject areas is actually a bit lower (2.79), meaning the overall average is only brought up to 3.0 by the higher grades students receive in courses that are not part of the core curriculum. The core curriculum in the NCES data consists of math, science, English, and social studies courses. The average GPAs for these different types of courses were as follows: Math: 2.65 Science: 2.70 English: 2.85 Social studies: 2.89 This data shows that students tend to have lower average GPAs in math and science courses compared with English and social studies courses. Average High School GPAs by Gender and Ethnicity NCES also provided some interesting (and a bit upsetting) statistics on how average high school GPA differs with regard to gender and ethnicity: Average GPA By Gender: Males: 2.90 Females: 3.10 Average GPA By Ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander: 3.26 White: 3.09 Hispanic: 2.84 Black: 2.69 According to this data, female students tend to have higher average GPAs than male students do. In addition, Asian/Pacific Islander students have the highest average GPA, whereas Black students have the lowest.This observed disparity between the average GPAs of different ethnic groups is a result of many intersecting socioeconomic factors, including family income, school quality, and other stressors that could impact a student's academic performance. Overall, there has been an upward trend over time with regard to average high school GPA.This is related to the phenomenon of grade inflation,whereby students seem to be earning artificially higher grades for the same quality of work. From 2000 to 2009, the average GPA for high school students increased from 2.94 to 3.0.As an even more drastic comparison,in 1990 the average GPA was only 2.68! Why Does High School Grade Inflation Happen? So how does something like grade inflation become a problem?Essentially, teachers are pressured by administrators, parents, and students to give out higher grades.If students are doing poorly, it reflects badly on the school.Once some schools start giving higher grades, other schools have to follow suit to avoid looking bad in comparison and to prevent jeopardizing students’ chances at college admission. It’s a cycle that’s tough to control because everyone likes to feel as though they’re doing well, but this trend in grade inflation has some negative consequences. First, itforces increased reliance on standardized tests as measures of academic ability.It also harms high-achieving students who are unable to stand out from the crowd when their whole class has the same perfect GPA. The motto of our educational system? What’s the Average GPA at Your High School? These NCES statistics can only tell you so much if you don't consider the average GPA at your high school and the way it‘s calculated. First, you should know whether your high school reports GPAs on a weighted or unweighted scale.Weighted GPAs can be higher than 4.0 and take the difficulty of a student’s coursework into account. The most difficult coursework is typically represented by AP, IB, and/or Honors classes. If your school uses weighted GPAs, the national average won’t necessarily compare directly with the number you see on your transcript. For example, at my high school- which used a weighted scale- GPAs went up to 5.0. If a student earned an A+ in an AP or Honors course, that translated into a 5.0. By contrast, an A+ in a low-level course translated to a 4.0. This wonky scale meant that the average weighted GPA was a 3.36, so a 3.0 would have been below average in the context of my school's GPA scale. Even if your school doesn't use weighted GPAs, the difficulty of your classes is an important factor. If you have a GPA that’s not super impressive but you’re in the hardest classes, you will have a better chance of being accepted to selective schools than someone with a slightly higher numerical GPA in lower-level classes. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What’s the Average GPA for College Admission? The most important average you should take into account is the average GPA of admitted students to colleges that interest you. To find the average GPA for a college, Google "[School Name] PrepScholar."Our database gives the average GPA requirements for tons of schools. Here's an example of our page for the University of Mississippi (colloquially called Ole Miss): Don’t freak out if your own GPA is a little below the average you see on a school's page. This info should serve as a reference point rather than a hard rule. Remember that every high school has different ways of measuring and calculating GPA, so these comparisons have somewhat limited utility. What’s most important is that you’re challenging yourself in your classes.Especially if you’re applying to very selective schools, the average GPA nationally and for your school doesn’t give you the best sense of where you should be.At the most competitive schools, the majority of accepted students have GPAs in the 3.75-4.0 range, meaning that these schools almost exclusively accept applicants with an A average. On the flip side, even with a GPA that's below the national average, you might have a good chance of getting accepted to some less selective schools whose average GPAs are around the 2.5-3.0 range. You just have to do your research so you know what to expect. When you apply, colleges receive a lot of specific details about your high school in addition to your transcript, so if there are special circumstances that made your GPA skew higher or lower, the school should be able to adjust its standards accordingly. The ivory tower where admissions officers are imprisoned day and night as they're forced to review endless college applications. Conclusion: Average High School GPA Nationally, the average high school GPA (based on 2016 data) is around 3.38.However, as we saw with the NCES study, this number can vary across different demographics (including gender and ethnicity) and high schools. Be sure totake into account how your high school calculates GPA before comparing yourself with the national average.By far, the most important average to consider is the average GPA of admitted students at schools that interest you. Just remember to take these numbers with a grain of salt since they might reflect a different GPA scale than the one used at your high school. Finally, don't forget that the difficulty of your coursework is usually more important to schools than the actual number of your GPA. Whether you’re considered above or below average depends mostly on how much you’re willing to challenge yourself. What's Next? Now that you've learned about average GPA, you might be curious about average SAT scores and average ACT scores.Read these guides to get the scoop! Beginning your college search?Then read my guide on how to choose the best college for you. If you're set on attending a very selective school,check out our popular in-depth guide on how to get into Harvard and the Ivy League! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Management - Essay Example It can be even stated that, in general, both companies have rather similar marketing strategies and that the major sales tool of both is physical indoor sales. However, the reason for which Barnes & Noble has a leading position is its e-reader called the Nook. Surely, Borders Books, just like its rival, has some online presence. However, this online presence was present via Amazon.com only. In addition, the Nook, together with Kindle of Amazon, has opened a qualitatively different era in the development of the book and e-book market. Having created and market these electronic devices, Amazon and Barnes & Noble have, actually, created a totally different from traditional one niche of the book market. Selling electronic books involves working with a different market segment and target audience. This, in its turn, calls for much time and resources of the company. While spending on developing new technologies and broadening the range of prospects was a new concept for Amazon, Barnes & No ble, being a representative of traditional – paper – publishing, had to invest much into developing and implementing the change. However, this change, finally, became a competitive advantage of the company. This change can even be called a breakthrough innovation on the basis of using and improving existing technology, plus â€Å"departure from the existing market segment† (Benner and Tushman 2003, 239). Thus, having adopted or redesigned the newest technologies available in the industry, Barnes & Noble have created new benefits for their clients and, in such a way, might have even attracted new clients (Zhou, Yim, and Tse 2005, 43). This, according to Zhou, Yim, and Tse (2005, 42) shows that Barnes & Noble has managed to remain competitive because it is more market oriented: market orientation, according to the scientists’ research â€Å"facilitates innovations that use advanced technology and offer greater benefits to mainstream customers† (Zhou, Yim and Tse 2005, 42). Therefore, since the market is changing and is becoming more technologically advanced, the companies working in the industry must adapt to the changes and change themselves. This statement is also supported by Goksel Yalcinkaya, Roger J. Calantone, and David A. Griffith (2007), who outline that â€Å"firm capabilities related to product innovation are central to continued corporate survival† (Yalcinkaya, Calantone and Griffith 2007, 63). The major problem of Borders Books, therefore, is that it didn’t pay enough attention to the changes that took place in the market and, as a result, did not respond in a timely and effective manner. It should also be remembered that, in addition to Barnes & Noble and Borders Books, there is another huge player in the market – Amazon.com. This company can be said to be the most technologically advanced and, as a result, the most successful in the e-book market. Borders Books, according to Neary (2011, 4) w as for many years relying heavily on Amazon to handle their e-commerce function. This shows that, while Borders Books were working on expanding its physical world presence, not enough effort had been given to building online presence. This can be named one of the major mistakes of the company because, considering the recent growth of virtual marketplace, the niche should not have been overlooked by a company willing to grow and develop. A good lesson from history on this matter is presented by Utterback (1994, 8), who

Explaining governmental organizational structure Essay - 1

Explaining governmental organizational structure - Essay Example   unlike others, which speak for a single type of activity, it represents the men and women in the state’s government aviation agencies, who serve the public interests.  It comprises of highly qualified professionals in the aviation industry who collaborate with the federal government in the improvement and preservation of the safest and most efficient aviation system in the world. Others group include Aviation Advocacy Group, which advocates for the welfare of the air travelers. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is in charge of codifying principles as well methods of air navigation, internationally. It promotes the planning and growth of global air transport to ascertain safe and systematic growth (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). The Agricultural Aviation Association, for instance, Aerial Agricultural Association encourages agricultural industry based on pilots, staffs, and operators and the search for the best practices in the industry. Airline Groups and Associations works as watchdogs of the industry and provides advice to passengers on their rights and education materials that are published, for instance, Airline Public Relations Organization, AIRETS, and Air Transport Users Council. Airport Groups and Associations comprise of the airport management professionals (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). It was formed to compare operating performances and determine the best practices for the industry. The Airship and Ballooning Group and Association promote all matters relating to airships in magazines, books, and papers. It encourages research work on the airship. Flight Attendance Group comprises of flight attendants and retirees who come together to promote best practices of flight attendance and support charitable organizations. Gliding organizations promote the design and construction of sailplanes, which improves performance and safety (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). Medical Organizations help the air medical

The Customers Revenge Essay Example for Free

The Customers Revenge Essay There is no better way to solve this kind of problems, than to look from the consumers’ perspective. Almost everybody has been in such a position once in their life, waiting and long talks on the phone with the service center with at the end zero result. A lot of people say: the customer is always right; you should treat each with care. This sounds very reasonable, but is it too hard to manage? It is a fact that how bigger the institution gets, the greater diverse costs will be and therefore the greater the risk to fail. A big company can lose more compared to a small company. That’s why a big institution should handle careful. The problem in this case is that there are dissatisfied customers. How can we make sure that these customers won’t take away your (future) customers? And which customers are just naggers or really worth listening to? Advertising is a well-known way to communicate with the (potential) customers. Another way to get more publicity as a company is Word of Mouth. This type of marketing is the most fast and cheapest way to attract more customers (unless it is not negative Word of Mouth). Happy customer results in positive Word of Mouth. This makes a good Customer Relationship Management system important in an institution. In every company there are customers who are dissatisfied. This is off course possible, because you as a company can’t fulfill everybody’s wishes and desires. It is important how you treat this dissatisfaction. If you as a company give bad customer service, it can lead to angry customers. Negative Word of Mouth is the least thing you want. Word of Mouth can especially be spread fast by customers who has a big influence in the society (for example celebrities, reviewers etc). Atida can maybe order its type of customers to know which customers can either break them or make them real quick. It cost a lot of time to assemble information of the customers, but this information is helpful for the duration of the individual consumer cycle. It also shows that Atida cares about its customers. The same can be done with the type of complaints. The call-center workers can order the type of dissatisfaction, so the company has a clear picture what they could do better. The CEO could then focus on the main problems and try to improve the business. A reason for outsourcing the call-center department to another company in Bangalore is to reduce costs and call-waiting times. Also they wanted to standardize and streamline the customer service. When you outsource a part of your company, you must be sure that they are doing a good job. When they are not, the name of the company itself will be dragged down. Therefore, it is very important that everybody who owns a position in Atida, should also be representative. A good way to do this is to give training to the workers in Bangalore. Those training can teach them how to deal properly with customers who are dissatisfied. Another option is to get the call center department back to Atida’s headquarter. The costs for the training should be compared to the difference of labor costs. Concluded, it is important that Atida provide good customer service. The customers are the ones you want to please and therefore are important to listen to.

The Created and Existent Gods in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Greek, Classic

The ancient Greeks used the gods to explain the extraordinary and unusual events of the world around them. The ancient Greek world accepted these gods as anthropomorphic representations of natural forces and phenomena. Moreover, some gods were seen as actual people whose supernatural abilities gave them control over these natural forces. Homer’s Iliad is a prime example of these two different interpretations of the gods. In this epic, Homer anthropomorphizes some phenomena, thus creating deities in order to explain some of the events of the Trojan War. These created gods are abstract and represent only the single phenomenon that Homer attributes to them. The Olympian gods, on the other hand, are existent deities whose actions go beyond the phenomena attributed to them by the Greeks. Homer, therefore, uses the Olympians to explain numerous phenomena. In Homer’s Iliad, the goddess Strife appears only at times of war. In book 11, Homer says, â€Å"Strife took her stand, raising her high-pitched cry,/ great and terrible, lashing the fighting-fury/ in each Achaean's heart-no stopping them now† (Homer 11.11-13). Strife appears here as a motivator for the Achaean army to continue fighting. Again we see her â€Å"[hurl] down the leveler Hate amidst both sides,/ wading into the onslaught, flooding men with pain† during the battle (Homer, 4.515-516). There are moments, however, when Homer does not anthropomorphize Strife, and plainly uses the word strife, such as when Zeus reprimands Ares: â€Å"Always dear to your heart,/ strife, yes, and battles, the bloody grind of war† (Homer 5.1031-1032). In this instance, Homer does not attribute any human characteristics to Strife, indicating that she is a created deity and not an existent one like the Olympians. ... ...ey were immortal beings in human form with human emotions that affect their actions. It is clear that Homer divides the gods into the created abstract gods, and the existent Olympian gods. The function of one group of gods differs from that of the other. Whereas the abstract gods are present in the Iliad in order to explain the natural forces that are attributed to them, the Olympian gods are characters that represent and explain a whole lot more. Rather than explain only the natural forces attributed to them, these gods also explain the unnatural and more magical occurrences of the war. The Olympian gods are not anthropomorphized concepts that the other gods and warriors can take advantage of. Instead, the Olympians are anthropomorphized beings who are capable of doing much more than the forces attributed to them and whose emotions often affect these actions.

The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image

The Media's Effect on Women's Body Image September 1, 2010 While women have made significant strides in the past decades, the culture at large continues to place a great emphasis on how women look. These beauty standards, largely proliferated through the media, have drastic impacts on young women and their body images. Arielle Cutler ’11, through a Levitt grant, spent the summer evaluating the efficacy of media literacy programs as a remedy to this vicious cycle. Put simply, the beauty ideal in American culture is: thin. Large populations of ‘average’ girls do not demonstrate clinically diagnosable eating disorders—pathologies that the culture marks as extreme and unhealthy—but rather an entirely normative obsession with body shape and size,† Cutler said. â€Å"This ongoing concern is accepted as a completely normal and even inevitable part of being a modern girl. I think we need to change that. † Anyone who is familiar with American cul ture knows that many of these cultural standards are established in the media. â€Å"We are constantly surrounded by all sorts of media and we construct our identities in part through media images we see,† Cutler remarked.And the more girls are exposed to thin-ideal kinds of media, the more they are dissatisfied with their bodies and with themselves overall. The correlation between media image and body image has been proven; in one study, among European American and African American girls ages 7 – 12, greater overall television exposure predicted both a thinner ideal adult body shape and a higher level of disordered eating one year later. Adolescent girls are the most strongly affected demographic; â€Å"More and more 12-year-old girls are going on diets because they believe what you weigh determines your worth,† Cutler observed. When all you see is a body type that only two percent of the population has, it’s difficult to remember what’s real and what’s reasonable to expect of yourself and everyone else. † As women have become increasingly aware of the effect of media on their body images, they have started media literacy programs to make women and girls more aware of the messages they are inadvertently consuming. â€Å"Media literacy programs promote an understanding of the effect media has on individual consumers and society at large.These programs aim to reveal the ideologies and messages embedded in the media images that we encounter on a daily basis,† Cutler said. Advertising, she asserts, draws on people’s insecurities to convince them to buy a product, and few populations are as insecure overall as adolescent girls—which is why media literacy programs are so important for them. In programs such as that designed by national organization Girls, Inc. , girls learn how to look behind the scenes and messages that advertisements are producing in order to reconcile their own bodies with the view of â€Å"perfection† presented by the media.The programs already in place have been found to be very effective; â€Å"College-age women have been the main focus, but 10-11 year-old girls are the most important target so that they can have these [critical] processes going on before internalizations of messages have really started,† Cutler explained. But what sorts of standards do the media portray for women who are not white and not upper class, and how does this affect the body images of women in these groups? This question, Cutler has found, is one that is not always well addressed in the scholarly material she has read. I realized at some point in my research that I had been universalizing the experience of a particular set of girls privileged by their race and, even more so, socioeconomic background. It did not help that this blind-spot was reflected back to me in some of my research,† Cutler said. While she asserts that certain standards of beauty are un iversal throughout the country and across all demographics, Cutler believes that media literacy programs should take racial and socioeconomic backgrounds more into consideration.Different groups have different issues and concerns, she said. For example, overeating is a real issue as an eating disorder, especially for lower-class women. How does this fact change the women’s relationship to the beauty ideal? Cutler is reading studies about the body image problem among women in the U. S. as well as evaluations of media literacy programs. She recommends greater sensitivity to the concerns of non-white, non-upper-class groups in order to increase the effectiveness of media literacy programs.

Albert Maslow Essay

Albert Maslow always wondered what motivated people, he wanted to how or what motivated a person. He believe people were not just motivated by reward, but believed it was a motivation system. Maslow has mentioned that people were motivated to reach a need, when they reached that need they would start on reaching the next and then the next. Albert Maslow was a humanistic psychologist in 1943 wrote his paper titled â€Å"A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION† (Maslow A. H., 2010). His theory of human behavior is a hierarchy of needs. Maslow theory of people motivation, he believed there were five stages of motivational needs and each needed to be completed to get to the next stage of need. The pyramid was not originally used by Maslow to describe his theory of the five stages, but they are used in text books to give a visual description of the levels the hierarchy of needs. Maslow challenged our basic physiological needs to survive is water, food, sleep and air this is what he believed were the most important in his five stages hierarchy of needs and the other stages would fail and not proceed without the basic needs of water, food, sleep and air. Physiological stage would be at the bottom of his theory the bottom of the pyramid. Once Maslow physiological needs were satisfied, you can proceed to the next stage of need. Maslow believed security, financial, shelter, and your well-being were necessary to proceed to the next stage. Safety is the next stage in Maslow hierarchy on the pyramid above physiological need. Safety needs are physical safety after a natural disaster, child abuse. Even experience people may have like a stress disorder. Financial crisis due to lack of work or job security. Maslow believed this was a level more for children as they need the greater need of feeling safe. The next stage is social, this stage is belonging and being loved. Maslow believes this need is less basic then he stated for physiological. Social need of feeling love is related to relationship could be a romantic with a partner, a friendship, and most of all families love. Also involves religious and community group, social need is above safety on the pyramid. Esteem is the fourth stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, you can reach this stage once the first stages have been satisfied. Maslow believed people want to be recognize and feel needed. Self-Esteem reflects achievement, confidence and accomplished. Esteem is the fourth stage above social on the pyramid. We have reached the fifth stage of the hierarchy of needs, the top of the pyramid is self-actualization.  Maslow considered the first four staged the deficiency needs, because are from deprivation. The fifth stage was consider by Maslow as the being needs. He describes it as being motivated and the need of growing as a person. Maslow believed that once a person achieved the previo us four stages of hierarchy needs, that people had strong motivations to accomplish personal growth. He also believed once a person achieved self-actualization they has less concerns of others opinions. Maslow’s theory did make sense to me, but there was no real research performed to support this theory. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was found to be true by researchers at the University of Illinois. The researchers conduct a study in 2011. They discover that it was true with the basic need people were happy. They also concluded that people felt positive about their lives with just the basic of food, water, money and shelter were not met. After these findings and other studies that have been conducted, Maslow’s theory was except in the world of psychology. Maslow’s theory related to motivation, people always have needs and wants. When people need this makes a great motivator. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs that I find the most challenging would be safety and security. In today’s time people have issue finding the safety and security to satisfy the needs. Even though people may have difficulties with safety and securities they are still motivated for self-actualization. At once other (and â€Å"higher†) needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still â€Å"higher†) needs emerge and so on. This is what we mean by saying that the basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy of relative prepotency. (Maslow A. H., 2010 p375) References Maslow, A. H. (2010, December 23). A Theory of Human Motivation – Abraham H Maslow – Psychological Review Vol 50 No 4July 1943.pdf. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from Google Docs: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-5-JeCa2Z7hNjZlNDNhOTEtMWNkYi00YmFhLWI3YjUtMDEyMDJkZDExNWRm/edit?pli=1 Maslow, A. H. (2010, December 23). A Theory of Human Motivation – Abraham H Maslow – Psychological Review Vol 50 No 4 July 1943.pdf. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-5-JeCa2Z7hNjZlNDNhOTEtMWNkYi00YmFhLWI3YjUtM

Quantifier - Definition and Examples

Quantifier s In grammar, a quantifier is a type of determiner (such as all, some, or much) that expresses a relative or indefinite indication of quantity. Quantifiers usually appear in front of nouns (as in all children), but they may also function as pronouns (as in All have returned). A complex quantifier is a phrase (such as a lot of) that functions as a quantifier. Examples and Observations I believe that every person is born with talent.  (Maya Angelou)Most of the people who will walk after me will be children, so make the beat keep time with short steps. (Hans Christian Andersen, in the instructions for the music for his funeral)Many books require no thought from those who read them, and for a very simple reason: they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. (Charles Caleb Colton, Lacon, or Many things in Few Words, 1820)All politicians should have three hats: one to throw into the ring, one to talk through, and one to pull rabbits out of if elected. (Carl Sandburg)Ive had a lot of worries in my life, most of which never happened. (attributed to Mark Twain, among others) Meanings of Quantifiers Quantifiers can be classified in terms of their meaning. Some quantifiers have a meaning of inclusiveness. That is, they refer to an entire group. Both refers to two members of a group of two, few to a subgroup of the entire group, and all to the totality of members of a group of unspecified size. Every and each refer to single members of a group. The difference between all, a few, and both on the one hand and each and every, is reflected in subject-verb agreement​Other quantifiers are noninclusive and have a meaning related to size or quantity. These quantifiers can be classified by the relative size they indicate. For example, many and much refer to large quantities, some to a moderate quantity, and little and few to small quantities . . .. (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Partitives and Quantifiers: Agreement There is, in fact, a somewhat fuzzy distinction between partitive structures and inclusives and Quantifiers formed with of. In a clause such as a lot of students have arrived it is the noun students which determines number agreement on the Finite (have - plural). It is not normally possible to say *a lot of students has arrived. Therefore students is the head of the noun group and a lot of is a complex Quantifier. Similarly, it is also normal to say a number of students have arrived not a number of students has arrived, that is, to treat a number of as a complex Quantifier. . . .For beginning learners, it may be best to introduce expressions such as a lot of and a number of as complex Quantifiers but in other cases to err on the prescriptive side and encourage agreement with the noun preceding of. (Graham Lock, Functional English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Count Nouns, Mass Nouns, and Quantifiers Count nouns (e.g. diamond, bottle, book, board, waiter, table, cat, bush, truck, house) and mass nouns (e.g. gold, coffee, paper, wood, meat, air, water, coal, smoke, blood, wine) differ grammatically in the range of articles and quantifiers they occur with. For instance, count nouns occur with the indefinite article a but not with the complex quantifier a lot of: a diamond, *a lot of diamond. Mass nouns do the opposite: a lot of gold, *a gold. (Ronald W. Langacker, Linguistic Manifestations of the Space-Time (Dis)Analogy. Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition, ed. by Luna Filipović and Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt. John Benjamins, 2012) Zero Plurals After numerals or quantifiers, count nouns may have a zero plural (the same form as in the singular): thirty year, many mile.​  (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996) Also Known As: quantifying determiner

Art on Japanese Art History Essay Example for Free

Art on Japanese Art History Essay How can the artistic medium one chooses to use to express oneself determine whether or not it is truly art? While digital artists’ artistic ability is often questioned and the credit is given to the computer being used, the art itself springs from the mind of the digital artist. I can say this with personal fervor: Digital art is truly in essence a form of art that merely takes advantage of the innovations of modern technology. Digital Art isn’t computer-generated. While it might involve using tools offered by specialized computer programs a computer doesn’t do the thinking for you, and the creative ideas put forth are of the artist’s mind. Digital artist’s only use computer tools to convey their designs, all of the creative credibility should be given to the artist himself. Should the canvas the Mona Lisa was painted on be considered the creator of the masterpiece or rather Leonardo Da Vinci? Painters that stick to canvas are limiting themselves to the paint they use and the cotton woven fibers of their canvas. Why purposely choose to ignore the modern day tools that are given to you and condescendingly look down upon those who choose to utilize them? Over the years, I have spent a lot of my own time experimenting in the depths of digital art. Many times, I have used the computer as a medium for self expression; from creating to pictures on Microsoft paint as a child to experimenting with specialized software such as Adobe Photoshop. I have a deep and passionate love for creating and expressing myself through artwork on the computer. I one day aspire to have a profession in the field of digital art, such as a Graphic Designer. Because of this, I am very offended by the comments I hear from â€Å"traditional artists† that condescend digital art for its use of the computer as the artistic medium. When I hear comments that degrade digital artwork to computer-generated images, as though the computer itself designed the art I feel enraged and cheated. The other day a friend of mine ignorantly explained to me that she could, given the proper software, create her own masterpiece without any prior experience in digital art, as though anyone if given the proper software could instantaneously create masterpieces, when really there is so much more to digital art than computer software or the computer itself. It’s about one’s individual artistic talents. To me that would be the equivalent of saying that if I were given a canvas and a paintbrush I could instantaneously create a masterpiece, which I know is false and ignorant. Art is â€Å"the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others† (Britannica). Digital art is a general term for a range of artistic works and practices that use digital technology as an essential part of the creative and/or presentation process. There are many different employment fields in digital art. A couple of examples are graphic design and web design. Graphic design is the process and art of combining text and graphics and communicating an effective message in the design of logos, graphics, brochures, newsletters, posters, signs, and any other type of visual communication. Famous Graphic Designer, Milton Glaser, says â€Å"to design is to communicate clearly by whatever means you can control or master. † A graphic designer would meet with his/her clients and discuss the type of visual communication the client is interested in. The client may provide a general idea for the design, but the creative options are left for the designer to decide how to best portray the message of the client. The designer would then either sketch out a design to scan on to the computer for further alterations or go directly to the computer software in order to design the desired product. The designer would then verify with the client for satisfaction of the product. Web Design is the art and process of creating a single Web page or entire Web sites and may involve both the aesthetics and the mechanics of a Web site’s operation although primarily it focuses on the look and feel of the Web site – the design elements. â€Å"To be effective, the interfaces for online information systems must be as rich and flexible as the physical environments they replace. They must not only supply a direct path to reach the users goals, but must be able to accommodate different approaches to the task. This means that the interface design must not only organize the content for easy access, but must incorporate the right combination of technologies and interaction techniques to allow the user to work in their own style† (Quesenbery). A Web Designer would be sought out by a client in need of assistance in designing a website or website layout, usually for advertising and communicative purposes of the client. Like in Graphic design, the client may provide the designer with a general idea or guideline for the product, however, web designers must understand the dynamics of coding and html. Traditional art is understood to include things such as paintings, sculptures, and hand-drawings; basically any art which involves physical activity, usually of the hands. Famous Traditional Artists include: Leonardo DaVinci, Vincent Van Gough, and Andy Warhol. These artists use drawings and paintings as their forms of self expression which led to their innovative masterpieces: the Mona Lisa, Starry Night, and Pop Art, respectively. Traditional artists often look down upon the usage of the computer as the creative medium utilized when expressing oneself in art. Some believe that using a computer negates the creative ability of the artist and is the less credible form of art. Using computers in order to create art is sometimes seen as the easier method involving little artistic ability. â€Å"For artists diving into a new technology, it is a triple short-cut to mastery: you get a free ride on the novelty of the medium; there are no previous masters to surpass; and after a few weeks, you are the master† (Brand). There is a certain type of beauty in a hand-painted piece of art. The same is true for a masterfully drawn illustration. For this there is no substitute. Traditional art is the oldest form of art and could be considered the foundation of art. Many people consider this form of art to require the highest level of skill and creative ability, and that there is no other type of art form that can surpass it. There are a large number of people that believe this form of art is most vital, and that digital art simply shouldn’t be considered art due to the use of technology rather than their hands. Opponents of digital art argue that there is no skill in â€Å"pointing and clicking† on a computer screen. â€Å"I would rather choose the painting of a monkey over anything generated electronically, because I am more fascinated by the direct evidence of a mind at work than I am by the output of machines† (Glenn). Because of this belief, there is a good bit of animosity between the two different sects. Traditional artists feel as if they are protecting art in its truest form, whereas digital artists feel as if they are exposing the world to a newer and more advanced form of art infinitely full of possibilities. While traditional art is the older and more revered art form, that doesn’t mean that digital art is any less of an art. Both art forms require talent, precision, technique, and creativity from the artist. Digital artists are just as legitimate of artists as traditional artists. It is simply ignorant and petty to distinguish digital art as separate from true art in essence. Yes, computers are used as the medium for expression, however, like previously stated, that doesn’t mean that the computer creates the ideas and designs. The designs and creativity come from the artist and the computer is simply another way to release the idea from the artist’s mind, similar to a piece of paper or canvas. Digital art should be just as revered as traditional art because the amount of creativity and artistic ability is equal in both forms. Art on Japanese Art History. (2017, May 31). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Global Warming - Is it the Biggest hoax we have ever faced Thesis

Global Warming - Is it the Biggest hoax we have ever faced - Thesis Example Yet, having bravely asserted their views, these dissenting voices have put an almost accepted fact into a much-heated debate: Is global warming real or a hoax? Unfortunately though, a debate over a scientific issue has become more political and economic rather than scientific. Science has been manipulated. Data are selectively included or excluded to make it appear that global warming is a real threatening problem, purposely, to justify preordained policy preferences. (Avery 1) Thus the questions of the day continue: Is global warming real that people and nations should prepare for doomsday? Is global warming man-made that humanity should pay for it by disusing fossil fuels or is it the biggest hoax humanity has ever faced? These are the interrelated questions which this research study would like to examine and shed light into by going through an intensive review of researches and studies done by authorities of the issue. This study is significant and relevant for the obvious reason that its impact to humanity is too great, as it is affecting almost all aspects of human lives. To start with, it would be necessary to define the issue and how it came to be. Global warming as implied by the term itself â€Å"is an increase in the average temperature of Earths surface† (Mastrandrea & Schneider, par. 1). The average temperature of the Earth is about 13oC or 56 oF (Sagan 1984) to 15 oC or 59 oF (Hart 2005) (qtd. in Tang, par. 2). How global warming has been discovered is a matter of history that has never been clear. Nevertheless, Weart accounts that it was only in 1896 that global warming was discovered by a forlorn Swedish scientist. However, it was regarded only as a mere concept that is fantastic and impossible. Then in 1950, global warming was taken seriously by few scientists in California appraising it as a possibility – a risk that could occur in distant future. This distant future finally

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration - Essay Example A key disadvantage with asynchronous communication does have his limits. For instance, it is not very keen in providing data integrity as it is not reliable in transmission. Since one device transmits and the other device just receives, data can be lost until picked up by a higher device. Synchronous or â€Å"agree timing through a wire† is beneficial because it tends to synchronize data as both initiate their numeric counters, which ensures data integrity. In addition, synchronous communication allows for data to be efficient and low-error rates. A key disadvantage of synchronous communication is the fact that its too time consuming. Often times in a synchronous system, the inconsistent physical connection will spend a long time in communicating between two machines. Hence, this can cause delays. Another huge barrier in synchronous communication is the fact that it relies heavily in advanced systems for error correction. Any company using this method must invest in an advanced system. For example, embedding a router with Wi Fi capabilities would tremendously facilitate the

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example Consumer behaviour, hence, entails understanding different attitude and behaviour of the consumers along with exploring factors having impact on these attitude and behaviours (Peter and Olson, 2008). For the purpose, various theories and models have been derived to somewhat provide generalised guideline impact of these factors on consumer buying behaviour (Hawkins & Mothersbaugh, 2009). Businesses to influence the buying behaviour uses various tactics such as advertising, promotions and other market tactics that increases probabilities of consumer purchasing company’s product. Designing and devising these tactics are guided by the understanding of factors that are capable of influencing of consumer attitude and behaviour and direct purchase decision (Neal, Quester, & Hawkins, 2004). To develop insight about aforesaid mentioned factors, this paper develops research to explore activities an organisation undertakes in relation with different consumer behaviour models and theories . Organisation’s undertakes many activities to direct consumer behaviour. For instance, marketing mix used to generate favourable response include product, brand, advertisement, packaging, point of purchase display etc in an integrated manner (East, Wright, and Vanhuele, 2008). Since these entire stimulus generators carry complete information and extensive detail in itself, the scope of this research has been limited to case study based analysis of advertisement campaign of L’Oreal’s product ‘Elvive’. L’Oreal has been in operations since years with recognition of being global cosmetic provider. L’Oreal’s target market in general has been female and while specifying its market comprising of females with urge to look good and beautiful; an ultimate desire of every woman. For the purpose, L’Oreal has several product offerings within various ranges; however, every product campaign from all mediums communicates the same messag e. This research in order to analyse abovementioned advertisement has picked print advertisements, storyboards and/ or screenshots of the television advertisements to investigate if message from these medium are on same page as referred by different consumer behaviour models and theories to target consumer behaviour. STIMULUS GENERATORS IN L’OREAL’S ADVERTISMENT L’OREAL’s advertisement campaigns are mainly formed of the similar technique to develop customer attention. This technique is also the most common form of advertisement and has following components: 1. Celebrity endorsement 2. Beauty appeal 3. Benefit communication 4. Scientific support to claimed benefits 5. Iconography 1- CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT Message conveyed by celebrity usually has greater appeal; claim based on general perception and observation. Product endorsed by more popular or liked personality is able to gain more rating on the evaluation phase. In evaluation phase consumer analyses an d rates the quality and benefits of the product. This phase is known as surrogate indicator (Neal, Quester, & Hawkins, 2004). L’Oreal has been using celebrating endorsement in its advertisement campaigns to fetch higher rating and hence, influence the purchase decision. 2- BEAUTY APPEAL Beauty appeal has been well accepted to be one of the basic features of the product capable to attract women. L’Oreal targetting women has been using this appeal in almost its every adverstisemnet. Hence, L’Oreal advertisements to cater the social need strongly develops

Cheerleading in the US

Cheerleading in the US Cheerleading Cheerleading is popular worldwide and its more then just standing on the sidelines cheering on your high school team. Cheerleading is a sport and its a very challenging one. There is two different types of cheerleading and they often get mistaken as the same thing School cheerleading is less challenging then all-star cheer. Usually when you start doing school cheer you start in the 7th grade. You do pep rallies, fight songs, sideline cheers, crowd involvement and stuff around your community. A lot of girls do it to experience the Friday night lights. There is Junior Varsity and Varsity when you are on varsity for 1 year at the end of the year you can get a lettermen. If you are really good at what you do girls get scholarships to go cheer in college. Its all fun and games until your peers start labeling you by saying all cheerleaders are mean or sluts or we wear our skirts to short for attention. Most people think cheerleaders are mean and snobby just because they cheer. They work just as hard as football, baseball, soccer and etc. High school cheerleaders deserve more credit for what they do. All-Star cheerleading also known as competition cheer is more difficult then school cheer. You travel around the world performing a 2 minute and 30 second routine consisting of tumbling, jumps, stunts and dancing in front of a panel of judges. Blood sweat and tears go into practices that last 3 plus hours 3 times a week. It takes a lot of keeping you body healthy and in shape. People say that cheer is easy and its not hard, you dont understand how much effort it takes until you try it. In July competitive cheer became recognized as a sport by the Arkansas Activities Association. Lance Taylor the director told arkansassports360.com,Its a sport amongst of them if you have and watched them. On Jan 27 the supreme court held that cheerleading is not only a sport but it is also a contact sport. The fact is that cheerleading is a highly dangerous sport involving throwing bodies in the air over hard surfaces, said by Naugler. Its not just girls who can cheer but guys can also, people tend to think that it is just a girls sport but some guys tend to be better then girls at it. Once you become a cheerleader it starts to become a lifestyle, with all the traveling, practice and all the money that is put into it. For some its more then just a sport its what they love and live for. Despite all the hate that cheerleaders get girls and guys go to practice and do what makes them happy. The damage cheerleading does on your body is crazy so many injuries happen all the time. The most common injurie is a sprained ankle, the reason for this is the surface. They practice on mats with wood and spring under it. Other injuries are the neck, back, wrist and knees, a lot of the injuries happen to the spots or bases. The bigger and more catastrophic injuries happen to the head, skull fractures and concussions others include spinal cord issues and the main cause for these injuries are caused by pyramids and basket tosses. When a cheerleader gets hurt they are usually told to ice it , wrap it, put icy hot it or just suck it up and deal with it. If a girl is injured while performing they dont stop the music or the routine. Cheerleaders are told to keep going no matter what, but if it is really serious they will stop it and get her the help she needs. Even if it is a small injury they usually become more chronic because Bert Jacobson, professor of health and human performances at OSU stated because cheerleading season extends 12 months, small injuries become chronic injuries. They never heal. If it is a small injury then girls just suck it and deal with it. When it gets worse they will most likely go see a doctor or specialist. There are different levels in competitive cheer, levels 1 to 6. level one skills start out at back walk overs front walk overs and kart wheels, and those are the more basic skills you learn when cheerleaders start cheer. Level 2 is back hand springs or also known as flip-flops, and straight ride basket tosses.Level 3 is front punches and back tucks and twisting basket tosses. The higher more elite levels are 4-6 these levels are the harder skilled teams. Levels 5 and 6 are the worlds teams, they travel all the Florida to compete against the best of the best. Its almost like the cheerleading super bowl, besides NCA that is as big as worlds but all levels can compete at that one. All cheerleaders dream of winning all the big competitions or at least top 3. If you win these your team and gym are considered the best of the best. All it takes is hard work and dedication and the coming together of your team to want to win and will do anything to go out on the floor and nail the perfect routine to show the crowd and judges. Some girls cheer for 13 plus years and will never know what it is like to win one of the big competitions. When you ask football or baseball players if cheerleading is a sport they will probably say no until the cheerleader shows them their muscles. When cheerleaders workout they lift weights run and do just as much as other sports, except cheerleaders do not get enough credit for all of their hard work. Just like other sports if the cheerleader is really good he or she could have the chance to get a scholarship to the school of your dreams. Cheerleading scholarships are not as popular as football and baseball but they can still happen. If you dont get the scholarship the cheerleader can still apply and attend the tryouts. Tryouts for cheer is probably one of the most stressful weeks or couple of days for a cheerleader, Learning a certain amount of material and having to do it in front of judges you dont even know. When the cheerleader s trying out she can not let the nerves get to her because she only has one tryout, no redos. In January 2017, Governor Brown signs a new bill that says cheerleading is a sport. Cheerleaders finally get the recognition they deserve, even though it wasnt official that cheer was a sport every cheerleader has considered it one. They will defend their sport and have plenty of evidence to support the argument. We dont have to prove it is a sport. Said Land O Lakes senior Hayley Jones, an All-American. It is a sport. Work and skill are involved. It is not just a cheer team, it is performing and it includes dance and gymnastics. When people start to agree that cheerleading is a sport it makes cheerleaders happy and lets them know that they are heard and people have the cheer worlds back. Cheer is only going to get bigger and more difficult, as the rules get changed, coaches are going to get more creative with making routines. Cheerleading is going to be around forever because little girls have big passions for it and look up to the high level teams and the famous cheerleaders, the little ones want to be just like them. There are famous cheerleaders, you just dont hear about like you do famous football players because only people in the cheer world understand why they are famous and what they are famous for. They are famous for their tumbling skills and a lot of flyers are famous for bring such good flyers. Cheerleading is a growing sport and its different then what you would see on the sidelines at a football game. Said by Patrick Mislan. As cheerleaders grow and the gyms grow the cheer world is going to soon be on TV as a sport to watch and will get credit for what it deserves. Mislan also says that over 100 that have cheerleading national originations with 4.5 million registered athletes, its not small. Cheerleading is a great sport to help you with self-confidence and performing in front of huge crowds. It is really enjoyable, you make new friends and it helps get you in shape its for all ages and sizes boys and girls. Most of the gyms are friendly environments and a happy place to be. Despite all the hate and calling it not a sport, cheerleaders are athletes. Instead of doubting them encourage them to be proud of something they do and love. You cant judge them until you are un their shoes because cheerleading is a sport.

Emperor Hadrian :: essays research papers

Emperor Hadrian The original home of the family of the Emperor Hadrian was Picenum, in Spain. Hadrian himself records that his immediate family came from Hadria, but settled in Italica in the reign of the Scipios. The Hadrian’s father was Aelius Hadrianus, a cousin of the Emperor Trajan; his mother was Domitia Paulina, a resident of Cadiz; his sister was Paulina, and his wife was Sabina. Hadrian was apparently born on the ninth day before the Kalends in February. At the age of ten, he became the ward of Ulpius Trajanus, his cousin, who had attained the rank of praetorian. Afterwards, he became so engrossed in the art of Greek study, that some dared to call him â€Å"Greekling†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At fifteen he returned to his native city, and immediately joined the military. It seemed apparent that his love for hunting was so strong, that he was criticized for it even while in military service, and for this reason Trajan recalled him back to Italica. When he returned, he was treated as Trajan’s son, and was later appointed to be one of the ten judges of the inheritance court, and later, one of the tribune of the Second Legion, the Adjutrix. As young Hadrian grew, he became more and more of a favorite to his ‘father’, Trajan. This caused some friction between Hadrian and some of his family members, namely Servanius; although there was no actual confrontational effects of this struggle to become Trajan’s favorite. On the fifth day before the Ides of August, Hadrian learned that his adoption by Trajan had become official, and later celebrated this while governor of Syria. Later, on the third day before the Ides of August, Hadrian le arned of Trajan’s death. Three days later, Hadrian ascended to the throne of the Roman Empire. As soon as he took possession of the empire’s power, Hadrian at once resumed the policy of devoting his attention to maintaining peace throughout the world. Although his foreign policy seemed peaceful, his interior suspicions remained with a wary eye, and he later imprisoned some of his political enemies, namely Laberius Maximus and Crassus Frugi. Hadrian even had an assassination that failed to kill him, planned by Nigrinus, of whom Hadrian had planned to succeed him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the years passed, he showed to the people of the Roman Empire that he was a skilled architect, and that he was. He helped make it possible for there to be games in nearly every Roman city, with vast facets of entertainment of every kind just around the corner in a Roman city.

GCSE Dance Extended Notes

I chose this piece of music because of the clear-cut and established structure, which helped mark certain moments of my dance and distinguish each section from one an other. Instead of the background music being accompanied by actual words, after the main build up of the song a woman can be heard singing strange hypnotic noises. I think this compliments the idea of freedom in the second part of my dance, because now my persona is free of oppression they can express themselves in whatever way they want to, like the woman singing in the piece of music. It is noticeable that before, and including the build up to the singing woman that the music is very repetitive. When played along to my dance, I thought it represented the monotony of a slave's life. However, what could be also heard in the build up was a glimmer of endearing hope, because even though the music represented sadness, the tone stayed bright throughout. In the first section of the dace I wanted to show snippets of the slave's usual day. I also wanted to keep the energy in the dance gentle and keep a minimum amount of strong energy in it. This is because I waned the audience to relate to the feeling of being confined and ordered around. Also, it mainly focuses on the idea of freedom being in the form of hope inside the personas head, rather than freedom being expressed in movements which would be associated with such an idea. I begin at centre stage on the floor curled up in a ball to symbolise the small space the slave is kept in, then ease myself of the floor in a swift manner, keeping my head in front of the rest of my body. This shows the audience that the slave is being dragged out of bed in a hostile manner. I began to inject the fear the slave has on their master into the dance by covering my face with my hands, as one would usually do if they are trying to hide or if they are anticipating physical aggression. I start to travel to downstage right taking large strides and stumbling with every step to show the slave being pushed towards the fields to work. I kept the levels in which I was performing low which emphasises the slave's inferiority when compared to their master. After three or so strides I immediately begin to use a repeated gesture, which gives the impression of the slave being forced into labour on the field. I right raise my left arm and when that arm reaches its peak height I bring my opposite arm up in the air to meet and bring them back down towards the ground whilst lurching forwards. This represents the slave working in a field with some sort of tool, which I envision to be a tool for picking at soil. In addition, the heavy lurch forward helps me to symbolise the constant presence of oppression. For the part in the first section where the slave tries to retaliate, I wanted to use movements which would put importance on the levels used in this particular section. This is because it defined the relationship between the slave and their master, and this was especially important as the audience could not see the master's actions for themselves-this had to be portrayed in the movements of the slave. In this moment in the dance the slave tries to fight for freedom. I use gestures such as a clenched fist to show my persona is willing to fight oppression, and rise on the tip toes to create a high level, which symbolises rising against the master. However, I soon cover my face with my hands again and leap backwards in recoil as the slave is overcome with the power of the master. After unsuccessfully trying to stick up of oneself, the slave drops to the floor, to a low level. This new level, lower than the audience has seen the slave before helps to emphasise how lowly the slave is thought of by themselves and their master. I then raise my arms and then bring them back down to my chest resting my flat palms against the other, and this represents the hope the slave still feels even after being beaten by their master. I keep my body shape compressed into an angular shape whilst lying down on the floor, which shows my persona resting before quickly reaching up with their hands to the sky but then being pushed back down to the floor. I repeat this movement several times to convey the idea of perseverance coming from the slave. I also included some movement pieces such as twisting my body around so my stomach faced upwards, and also sliding my body across the floor. After these movements I swivel around into a kneeling position and clench my fists again and then punch them into the floor below me. This is again to convey perseverance and to let the audience understand, the slave has not given up their fight for freedom. The transition from section A to section B is very clear as the music transforms into a free drifting melodic chime with violin ___ in the foreground. Here, in this transaction, is where I tried to convey the journey to emancipation. I used a lot of space in this travelling sequence by running around in a circular pathway, because I wanted to show the slave trying to break free of their master's strict reign. Whilst running through my circular pathway, I held my right arm out to convey the idea of the slave trying to make the most of the new found space around them. In section B I wanted to mainly use movements that symbolised freedom instead of the daily routines of the slave. After running around in the circular pathway, I lurch forward at the build up of the dance making a fist with my hand, as here I wanted to include one of my dance motifs. For another one of my movements I stand on my tip toes and make a v shape with my arms to represent my persona basking in the space all around them. I have experimented with a number of movements in the next parts of the dance, because I wanted to show that my persona is free to try out new things and be themselves. I leap onto the floor which is supposed to represent a giddy action of joy and then soon return to a standing position. I further try new moves which the audience hasn't seen before. For example, I bend into a hunched position and then jump whilst swinging my arms past my legs. I finish the dance with a final lurch forward and repeat one of my dance motifs with a raising of my arms in a v shape. Key positions 1. Fighting- This position is very varied through my dance throughout my whole dance, and can consequently go unnoticed just like the inner strength of a person-which can't always be seen by others. The position represents the perseverance of my persona, and their unwillingness to give up fighting oppression. In section A of the dance, this position can be seen when my persona stands up to their master and also when they are crouching down on a low level and they slam their fists down to the floor. I wanted to use this a reminder that even though my persona has been beaten many times, they are not going to give up their search for freedom. Prayer- This position also varies throughout the dance to show hope and faith, and this also ties with my first motif 3. Freedom- This is my main motif which has been developed with different levels and dynamics. The main meaning of this position is the act of embracing freedom. I performed this gesture relatively weakly in terms of dynamics, in section one. The reason for this was because my persona, the slave couldn't fully embrace freedom under the rule of a master. To make this move effective in the first section, I used a range sad facial expressions in order to increase my projection to the audience. It was important, this movement stood out to the audience as it fully represents one of the fundamental ideas behind my dance idea whim is emancipation. In the final section, this movement is seen very differently. For example, the pace in which the movement is performed is quicker and at times, at a higher level. For example, when the music reaches is climax and I break into the freedom movements; I rise up on my tip toes performing the movement with a strong energy. This is because I wanted to show the audience how exhilarating freedom feels my persona. Also, I wanted the developed motif to juxtapose against the one I used in the first section. Evaluation I decided to create my dance around the original motifs I came up with, these were mainly gestures which represented frustration, desperation, hope and of course, freedom. The movement materials I came up with next derived from my original starting point which was the diary of a slave who was involved in the West Indian Slave Trade. Once I was happy with my ideas I listened to the music I intended to dance to and let my mind create possible moves in the dance. I interpreted my music to have three sections, the first is the base, the second is the build up and the final section I labelled the pinnacle part of the piece. I fit this in with my dance having the first section as the one where my persona is being oppressed and calling this section A, having the second section of the music transform into a transition between the previous section and the one to follow, and finally having the last section of the music as my section B, where the slave is at last emancipated. I think the movements I used in section A informed the audience of my dance idea more than the movements in section B. I think this because, in section A, I used more realistic movements whereas in section A my dance material was more towards the abstract spectrum in order to communicate the feeling and idea of freedom rather than what one might do if they were free. This was effective in my point of view, because it broke up the dance and I thought it was refreshing to watch a piece that was both slightly surreal and realistic at the same time. It also kept my imagination flowing as I was never bored when concocting the next part of my dance, as I could use a new or different dance technique that I had not used before. I was very pleased with how section A turned out, because I think it communicated the hardships of being a slave, and already, so early in the dance I could see the personality of my persona coming through. I used all of my main movements in the beginning without crowding the first section or overcrowding other movements. Section B was a slight struggle for me as I wanted to use large, strong, dramatic movements but the ones I had created in my head were hard to physically perform. For example, the leaps I wanted to do were not doable in my range of skill. However, I overcame this by performing small leaps but with the maximum amount of energy I could exert into it. If I could work on this dance further I would love to explore my persona actual journey to emancipation in much more detail; I feel their story had to be cut short due to time and I think their is a lot more that could be told. Another reason for this is that I want to delve deeper into the hardships fighting for freedom brings, as I think I definitely skimmed over that aspect in my dance. Also, I would like to edit the music, as it is too long for my dance. Overall, I think I communicated the main idea of my dance clearly. Aided by my motif developments, I think the movements I used reflected the emotions of persona as well.